Martin,
Jag misstänker utan att ha sett din bild,, att det du söker är en form av harnasch som blev populärt bland det tyska lätta kavaleriet under 1520 talet då de tunga rustningarnas roll spelats ut till förmån för lättare pansar. Jag lovar att leta vidare bland luntorna så fort du har postat din ref. bild. Vidare så får du fixa din mail address eller maila mig vilket är enklare.
Raymund,
Jack of plates eller brigandine, rut mönster eller ej. Det går inte att säga "att eftersom den har rutor så är det en jack of plates"
Här är en fin padded jack med rutmönster tex:
http://folini.tikon.ch/images/linked/ur ... ine-2.jpeg
Alla de benämingar på olika tyg pansar är främst geografiskt bundna sedan tids bundna där efter utseende och funktion bundna. Samma sak kan alltså ha olika namn under olika tider, eller ha ett namn men varierande utseende genom epokerna. Det är väldigt djupt vatten just vad gäller dessa termer och vad de avser.
Vissa av benämningarna kommer även från 1800 talets historie forskning där man hade en katalogiserings iver gällandes rusting och vapen.
För att då veta vad man avser så kan det vara bra att använda sig att svenska namn referenser vilket de "flesta" av oss i Sverige skulle känna sig mest bekväma med.
Detta var ju något som Stefan gjorde i en annan tråd men de svar han fick från er två var ju måttligt entusiasmerande. Så ni får väl hålla tummarn att han återkommer till trots med de utlovade svenska rustnings termerna.[;)]
Det var två egyptier och en fez [:D]
Mvh
Todd[:)]
Vidare..
De här termerna har debatterats hett på vår mailing lista och nedan saxade inlägg är skrivet av Gerry Embleton vars böcker du säkerligen har kommit i kontakt med, inte för man blir klokare på vad som är vad men iallafall det illustrerar det jag ovan sökt påvisa, håll till godo/ Todd
saxat från Gerry:
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Am I sure, you ask? I'm NEVER sure about anything, I gave up being sure about the past long ago...
However...
we were asked by a comrade who is reenacting an earlier period than ours if we could help him with information concerning 'gambesons' in the sense of quilted, padded garments worn by soldiers and then we slid into the subject of 15th century 'jacks'.
These are both terms in English commonly used to describe padded protective garments, roughly of the same family and changing shape with changing fashion.
In his book European Armour" Claude Blair has the following to say about 'gambesons: "Quilted defences were certainly in general use by the second half of the 12th century and many texts refer to them. Three terms are used, POURPOINT, AKETON and GAMBESON, but in what way the garments they denote differed from each other is difficult to determine. On the whole it seems likely that POURPOINT was a general term covering any type of quilted defence and that AKETON was a general term covering any type of quilted coat usually worn under amrour. GAMBESONS, on the other hand, are often described in early inventories as being made of silk or some other rich material decorated with embroidery and coats-of-arms, a fact suggesting that , sometimes at least, they were designed to be worn as independent defences or as surcoats. This view is supported by a number of texts that refer to gambeson being worn over the aketon, the hauberk or, from the end of the 13th century, over plate armour. UNFORTUNATELY, THERE ARE ALSO PLENTY OF REFERENCES TO GAMBESONS being worn under the armour and to aketons being worn independently, chiefly by rank and file, and there are even a few references to decorated aketons.
THE ANSWER TO THIS RATHER CONFUSING PROBLEM IS PROBABLY THAT THE TEMS WERE USED LOOSELY AND WERE TO A VERy LARGE EXTENT INTERCHANGEABLE."
Modern students have argued for clear definitions of these terms, mostly to save themselves headaches. It is likely a medieval soldier would not have understood them.
David Edge and John Paddock in their excellent work "Arms and Armour of the Medieval Knight" define gambeson as "a quilted, skirted doublet of cloth often made of linen, stuffed with tow, wool or grass. Worn by all classes either underneath a mail shirt, on top of it, or as a separate defence on its own".
We also read of jack's "stuffed" with mail, hay, old linen and cotten-waste. "Stuffing" clearly meant lining as we read, among many examples, of the "stuffing of bacynets" and one "Nicholas Brampton, a stuffer of bacynets".
Blair describes the "jack" as a "poor relation" to the briganine, reinforced with many small plates of iron or horn secured between layers of canvas and we have surviving 16th century examples of these, but we also have the well known 15th century description of those made of layers of cloth. Loose stuffing like wool (that is raw sheeps wool, not cotton wool from the chemist), may be effectively but laboriously tacked into place with long free stitches and the whole then quilted. Making tubes and then filling them makes a row of nice fat sausages with no protection in between, where they are sewn.
The padded garment which hung above the Prince of Wales' tomb in Canterbury cathedral is NOT a jack. It is known as a coat armour although the correct term is still being debated. Another survives, that of Charles VI of France now in the cathedral of Chartres. these were worn OVER armour to display coats-of-aarms. A third interesting piece - the so-called "pourpoint" of Charles de Bois is possibly a civilian garment of the padded hour-glass shape fashionablel in the late 14th century.
The two Lubeck garments and the one in Altmärkisches Museum, Stendal are not what we would call "jacks" (thank you Lutz - I know them well and have two very good illustrated articles on them). I believe that they date from the second quarter of the 15th century. Although fashions sometimes changed slowly these are garments worn with the globus or boxbreast plate of the 1430's-60's. A very Germanic fashion seen clearly on the epitaph to Georg Fravenberger von Haag in Gars in Bavaria, and the painting by Konrad Witz of "King David and Abisai" and other sources.
There is an arming doublet, perhaps German, perhaps 15th century, in the Kienbusch collection in New York, which has mail sleeves sewn onto a quilted body. Also of interest are the 16th century "jacks of plates" in the royal Armouries, Warwick castle, Nottingham castle and part of one in Scotland. There is also an intersting 3/4" thick quilted jack which once had sleeves in Yorkshire England. It may be 16th century.
So you see, there are no "gambesons and jacks" to answer all our questions but a random selection of nearly what we need which in fact prompt more questions than answers.
It is almost certain that other fragments survive in museums and private collections and I would be glad to hear of any.
At Bern museum we are making a study of jacks, brigandines, "doublets full of holes", arming doublets and other padded and quilted fabric garments and we are trying to locate ALL surviving examples and pictorial representations and descriptions of them. It's an ambitious and frustrating study that goes well but it will take a long time to complete (as far as any such study can be said to be complete!).
So far we have realized now many survivors are poorly documented so that dating is in some cases extremely difficult. Sometimes there are little surprises in store, for example, when we dismantled and laid out the "15th century" brigandine in Bern we discovered that it is in fact fragments of TWO and part of the body, as displayed, is a tasset. It is also almost certainly Italian and 16th century.
You see now why I say the more I study the less I know! What fun-!
Gerry
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